Another 32 millionaffected by hearing loss are children under age of 15.
12542
耳朵感染是导致此项残疾的主要原因，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。
Infections of the ear are the leading cause of the disability, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
12543
世卫组织对相关研究进行的最新审查表明，东南亚、亚太地区和撒哈拉以南非洲的听力残疾患病率最高。
Prevalence of disabling hearing loss is highest in South Asia, Asia Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa, according to the latest WHO review of available studies.
12544
风疹、脑膜炎、麻疹和腮腺炎等传染病会导致听力损伤。
Infectious diseases such as rubella, meningitis, measles, mumps can lead to hearing loss.
12545
这些疾病大部分可以通过免疫接种预防。
Most of these diseases can be prevented through vaccination.
Other common causes include exposure to excessive noise, injuries to the ear or head, ageing, genetic causes, problems during pregnancy and childbirth (such as cytomegalovirus infection or syphilis) and the use of medications that can damage hearing.
“About half of all cases of hearing loss are easily preventable while many can be treated through early diagnosis and suitable interventions such as surgically implanted hearing devices.
12549
听力损伤者还可以获益于手语培训和社会支持。”
Individuals with hearing loss can also benefit from sign language training and social support.”
WHO encourages countries to develop programmes for preventing hearing loss within their primary health care systems including vaccinating children against measles, meningitis, mumps and rubella, screening and treating syphilis in pregnant women, and early assessment and management of hearing loss in babies.