Older housing with lead paint has also been identified in the USA as a risk factor for elevated blood lead concentrations in children (17).
8892
去除含铅涂料会带来费用，特别是必须采取措施预防在去除和处置铅过程中使环境受到污染。
Removinglead paint carries a cost, particularly as measures must be taken to prevent environmental contamination with lead during removal and disposal.
In France, based on 2008 values, it was estimated that the cost of remediating all homes with lead paint would range from €133.1 million to €342.5 million (US$ 193.8–498.7 million at 2008 exchange rates) (16) .
In the USA, the costs of remediating lead-painted homes inhabited by young children were estimated to range from US$ 1.2 billion to US$ 11 billion in 2009 (17).
8895
成本效益分析表明，投资消除含铅涂料可产生巨大回报。
Cost-benefit analyses have indicated that investment in lead paint abatement yields large returns.
8896
在法国，估计净收益为38亿欧元（按2008年汇率为55亿美元） (13) 。
In France, the estimated net benefit was €3.8 billion (US$ 5.5 billion at 2008 exchange rates) (16) .
These benefits were calculated on the basis of avoided health costs for the management of lead exposure and avoided social costs, for example in relation to reduced IQ, the need for special education and lost lifetime earnings.
8898
在美国，据估计，为治理含铅涂料危害每投资1美元，就能获得17至221美元的回报 (14) 。
In the USA, it has been estimated that each dollar invested in lead painthazard control yields a return of US$ 17–221 (18).
8899
当然，最具成本效益的解决方案是完全避免使用含铅涂料。
Of course, the most cost-effective solution is to prevent the use of lead paint altogether.
8900
不在涂料中使用铅的成本并不昂贵，一些制造商已成功修改了产品设计，不再有意加铅 (14) 。
Eliminating the use of lead in paints does not need to be expensive and a number of manufacturers have already successfully reformulated products to avoid the intentional addition of lead (17).