Recent estimates suggest that 1.9 billion adults (38% of the global adult population) and 41 million children younger than 5 years are overweight, while related heart disease and stroke are the number one and two causes of deaths worldwide, respectively (1), (3), (5) .
The result is that many countries now face a "double burden of malnutrition"—a coexistence of undernutrition and overweight, obesity, or noncommunicable diseases (6) .
In 2016, 57 of 129 countries surveyed had significant levels of either stunting or anaemia plus adult overweight (defined as prevalence of stunting or anaemia (3) 20% and high BMI (3) 35% (2) ).
There are also biological connections between the different forms of malnutrition—for example, a stunted child is more likely than a child of normal height to be overweight or affected by NCDs as an adult.
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营养不良的混合也发生在家庭内，甚至个人身上(6)。
The combination of malnutrition also occurs within households, and even individuals (6) .
This double burden of malnutrition presents an urgent health challenge to the global community, but through shared drivers across contrasting forms of malnutrition, new and effective opportunities for intervention emerge.
This is the potential of "double-duty actions"—interventions, programmes, and policies that have the ability to simultaneously reduce the risk or burden of both undernutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related NCDs (7) .
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双重行动提供了解决营养不良的综合方法。
Double-duty actions offer an integrated approach to addressingmalnutrition.