Approximately 16 billion vaccine doses, worth US$ 141 billion, were supplied in 2021, almost three times the 2019 market volume (5.8 billion) and nearly three-and-a-half times the 2019 market value (US$ 38 billion).
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这一增长主要是由COVID-19疫苗推动的。
The increase was primarily driven by COVID-19 vaccines, showing the incredible potential of how vaccine manufacturing can be scaled up in response to health needs.
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全球生产能力提高，但仍高度集中。
Although manufacturing capacityworldwide has increased, it remains highly concentrated.
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仅十家生产商就提供了70%的疫苗量（不包括COVID-19疫苗）。
Tenmanufacturers alone provide 70% of vaccine doses (excluding COVID-19).
Several of the top 20 most widely used vaccines (such as PCV, HPV, measles and rubella containing vaccines) each currently rely mainly on two suppliers.
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生产基地过于集中导致短缺风险以及区域供应不稳现象。
This concentrated manufacturing base leads to risk of shortages as well as regional supply insecurity.
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2021年，非洲和东地中海区域90%的疫苗采购依赖其他区域的生产商。
In 2021, the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions were dependent on manufacturers headquartered elsewhere for 90% of their procuredvaccines.
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根深蒂固的知识产权垄断和有限的技术转让进一步影响了建立和利用当地生产能力。
Entrenched intellectual property monopolies and limited technology transfer further limit the ability of building and using local manufacturing capacity.
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一些紧急常用疫苗（例如霍乱、伤寒、天花/猴痘、埃博拉、脑膜炎球菌病等疫苗）的市场状况也令人忧虑。
The health of markets is also concerning for several of the vaccines commonly needed for emergencies, such as against cholera, typhoid, smallpox/monkeypox, Ebola, meningococcal disease, where demand surges with outbreaks and is hence less predictable.