A patient has critical COVID-19 when they need life sustaining treatment, have acute respiratory distress syndrome, or have septic shock (evidence of injury to other organs).
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有关更多信息，见 COVID-19患者临床管理指南：动态指南，2021年11月23日 。
For more information, see Guideline Clinical management of COVID-19 patients: living guideline, 23 November 2021 (magicapp.org) .
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什么是糖皮质激素，糖皮质激素是如何对抗COVID-19的？
What are corticosteroids and how do they work against COVID-19?
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包括地塞米松在内的糖皮质激素具有抗炎和免疫抑制作用，可用于治疗多种疾病。
Corticosteroids, including dexamethasone, have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant qualities that are used to treat a wide range of conditions.
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COVID-19重症或危重症患者会对免疫系统产生过度刺激，这对他们的健康非常有害。
Patients with severe or critical COVID-19 develop an overstimulation of the immune system, which can be very harmful to their health.
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糖皮质激素减少这种过度刺激，这有助于平衡免疫系统反应，使其发挥作用，但不会对人本身造成损害。
Corticosteroids reduce this overstimulation, which helps balance the immune system responses so that they are effective and do not cause damage to the person themselves.
Current evidence comes from the combined results of 8 clinical trials, utilizing data from 7000 patients with low oxygen levels, which show that dexamethasone (or other corticosteroids) reduces COVID-19 deaths.
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这些研究的数据显示，当COVID-19重症患者在患病期间接受糖皮质激素治疗时，死亡率降低了20%。
Data from these studies show that deaths are reduced by 20% when patients with severe COVID-19 are given corticosteroid treatment during their illness.