For example, in some settings in Eastern Europe, people who inject drugs make up more than half of all people living with HIV, but only one third of people living with HIV have access to lifesaving ART.
1802
在许多国家中，处罚性行为、吸毒、性别表达或性取向的法律加剧了歧视。
In many countries, discrimination is reinforced by laws that criminalize sexual behaviours, drug use, gender expression or perceived sexual orientation.
However where laws and policies support access to HIV services for these key populations, illness and death due to HIV among these groups has declined and new HIV infection rates remain low or have fallen, especially among sex workers and for people who inject drugs.
1804
世卫组织艾滋病毒司的Rachel Baggaley博士说， “实行果断政策可以带来显著成果。
“Bold policies can deliver bold results,” says Dr Rachel Baggaley, from WHO’s HIV Department.
1805
泰国与一些国家一道，率先在有关规划中确认需要维护性工作者健康和减少艾滋病毒新发感染。
“Thailand was one of the first pioneers of programmes to recognise the need to keep sex workers healthy and reduce new HIV infection.
Malaysia, Spain and the United Republic of Tanzania have made major advances in providing opioid substitution therapy and needles and syringe programmes for people who inject drugs.
Data show that where a combination of effective HIV prevention and treatment services for people who inject drugs are available, HIV transmission among people who inject drugs is minimal.”
These new guidelines outline ‘comprehensive HIV packages’ for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for the five key populations and address specific issues and needs of adolescents from these groups.
1809
指南强调需要实行针具、注射器和阿片类药物替代治疗方案，并建议在社区中处理吸毒过量问题。
These include measures to better manage sexual and reproductive health, mental health and co-infections such as tuberculosis and hepatitis.
At the International AIDS Conference 2014 in Melbourne, WHO will call on governments to re-energize and strengthen HIV programmes so that all key populations benefit from the ongoing advances in HIV treatment and programme scale-up.