The report is directed at policymakers, practitioners, researchers, development agencies and members of the private sector and civil society.
1702
年龄歧视指的是，以年龄因素对人进行分类和划分，进而带来伤害、困境和不公正待遇。
Ageism arises when age is used to categorize and divide people in ways that lead to harm, disadvantage, and injustice.
1703
年龄歧视多种多样，例如偏见态度、歧视行为以及助长和导致陈规陋习的体制政策和做法。
It can take many forms including prejudicial attitudes, discriminatory acts, and institutional policies and practices that perpetuate stereotypical beliefs.
Prevalence figures based on a survey of 83 034 people in 57 countries found one in every two people held moderately or highly ageist attitudes (i.e.
1705
更多信息见：https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3159
stereotypes and prejudice).
1706
医疗费用过高：年龄歧视在心理、行为和生理上影响健康。
Excess costs of health care: Ageism influences health through three pathways: psychological, behavioural and physiological.
1707
从心理上，消极陈腐的年龄观念会加剧心理压力；
Psychologically, negative age stereotypes can exacerbate stress; behaviourally, negative self-perceptions of ageing predict worse health behaviour, such as noncompliance with prescribed medications; physiologically, negative age stereotypes predict detrimental brain changes decades later, including the accumulation of plaques and tangles and reduction in the size of the hippocampus.
1708
在美国，年龄歧视导致人们每年因一系列健康问题而多支出630亿美元医疗费用。
In the USA, ageism led to excess costs of US$63 billion for a broad range of health conditions during one year.
1709
这相当于所有60岁以上的美国人每年七分之一的医疗支出用于处理八种最昂贵的健康问题。
This amounts to US$1 of every US$7 spent on the eight most expensive health conditions for all Americans over the age of 60 during one year.
1710
年龄歧视导致的超额医疗支出估算基于以下因素：(a) 2013年60岁或60岁以上的美国人数；
The excess health care spending due to ageism was derived from the following: (a) number of Americans aged 60 years or older in 2013; (b) prevalence of interpersonal and self-directed ageism based on percentage of people that agree to the following statements: “You are treated with less courtesy or respect than other people”, “Forgetfulness is a natural occurrence just from growing old” and “The older I get the more useless I feel.” (c) evidence of the impact of such ageist statements on the eight health conditions; (d) prevalence of the eight health conditions in 2013, the most recent year for which health care spending was available; and (e) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) costs per person of the eight health conditions in 2013.