Similarly the new spread of cVDPV2 between Nigeria and Niger highlights the significant risk of persisting type 2 outbreaks two years after OPV2 withdrawal, and the inability so far to prevent further spread within and outside Nigeria through application of consistently high quality mOPV2SIAs is a concern.
The difficulty in controlling spread of cVDPV2 in DR Congo heightens these concerns and demonstrates significant gaps in population immunity at a critical time in the polio endgame;the low coverage with routine IPV vaccination in several countries neighbouring DR Congo heightens the risk of international spread, as population immunity is rapidly waning.
Inaccessibility continues to be a major risk, particularly in several countries currently infected with WPV or cVDPV, i.e.
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这些国家都有大量人口长期难以得到脊灰疫苗接种。
Afghanistan, Nigeria and Somalia, which all have sizable populations that have been unreached with polio vaccine for prolonged periods.
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越来越多的国家的免疫接种系统在冲突和复杂紧急情况下遭到了削弱或破坏。
The increasing number of countries in which immunization systems have been weakened or disrupted by conflict and complex emergencies pose another risk.
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这就带来了另一危险，这些脆弱国家的人口很容易受到脊灰疫情影响。
Populations in these fragile states are vulnerable to outbreaks of polio.
The risk is amplified by population movement, whether for family, social, economic or cultural reasons, or in the context of populations displaced by insecurity and returning refugees.
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需要借助国际协调来应对这些风险。
There is a need for international coordination to address these risks.
2539
脊灰方面的许多国际传播经由陆地边界发生，因此要采取区域性方法和强有力的跨境合作来应对风险。
A regional approach and strong crossborder cooperation is required to respond to these risks, as much international spread of polio occurs over land borders.