All countries can take steps to improve early diagnosis of cancer, according to WHO’s new Guide to cancer early diagnosis .
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改善癌症早期诊断的三个步骤是：
The three steps to early diagnosis are:
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提高公众对癌症各种症状的了解，鼓励一旦发现相关症状及时就医；
Improve public awareness of different cancer symptoms and encourage people to seek care when these arise.
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加大在强化卫生服务、提供卫生服务装备和培训卫生工作者方面的投资力度，以便能够准确及时地做出诊断；
Invest in strengthening and equipping health services and training health workers so they can conduct accurate and timely diagnostics.
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确保癌症患者能够获得安全有效的治疗，包括减轻疼痛，同时不使患者在个人生活或经济上陷入困境。
Ensure people living with cancer can access safe and effective treatment, including pain relief, without incurring prohibitive personal or financial hardship.
Challenges are clearly greater in low- and middle-income countries, which have lower abilities to provide access to effective diagnostic services, including imaging, laboratory tests, and pathology – all key to helping detect cancers and plan treatment.
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另外，目前各国将癌症患者转诊到适当医护水平方面的能力参差不齐。
Countries also currently have different capacities to refercancer patients to the appropriate level of care.
WHO encourages these countries to prioritize basic, high-impact and low-cost cancer diagnosis and treatment services.
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自付费用不利于人们尽早寻求诊治。
The Organization also recommends reducing the need for people to pay for care out of their own pockets, which prevents many from seeking help in the first place.
Detecting cancer early also greatly reduces cancer’s financial impact: not only is the cost of treatment much less in cancer’s early stages, but people can also continue to work and support their families if they can access effective treatment in time.